paper title (24pt, times new roman, lower case)

I. INTRODUCTION

All manuscripts must be in English. These guidelines include complete descriptions of the fonts, spacing, and related information for producing your paper. Please follow them carefully.

This template provides authors with most of the formatting specifications needed for preparing electronic versions of their papers. Margins, column widths, line spacing, and type styles are built in; examples of the type styles are provided throughout this document. Please do not re-adjust these margins.

Some components, such as multi-level equations, graphics, and tables, are not fully prescribed, although the various table text styles are provided. The author will need to create these components, incorporating the applicable criteria that follow.

II. TYPE STYLE AND FONTS

Wherever Times is specified, Times Roman or Times New Roman may be used. If neither is available on your word processor, please use the font closest in appearance to Times. Avoid using bit-mapped fonts. True Type 1 or Open Type fonts are required. Please embed all fonts, particularly symbol fonts, as well as those used for mathematical notation.

III. EASE OF USE

The template is used to format your paper and style the text. All margins, column widths, line spaces, and text fonts are prescribed; please do not alter them. You may note peculiarities—for example, the head margin measures proportionately more than is customary. This is deliberate, anticipating your paper as one part of the entire issue rather than as an independent document. Please do not revise any of the current designations.

IV. PREPARE YOUR PAPER BEFORE STYLING

Before you begin to format your paper, first write and save the content as a separate text file. Keep your text and graphic files separate until after the text has been formatted and styled. Do not use hard tabs, and limit the use of hard returns to one at the end of each paragraph. Do not add pagination anywhere in the paper. Do not number text headings—the template will do that for you.

Finally, complete content and organizational editing before formatting. Please take note of the following items when proofreading spelling and grammar.

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are used in the text, even after they have been defined in the abstract. Common abbreviations such as IEEE and SI do not need to be defined. Do not use abbreviations in the title or headings unless unavoidable.

Units

Use either SI or CGS as primary units (SI is encouraged). English units may be used as secondary units, in parentheses. Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds, as this often leads to dimensional confusion. If mixed units must be used, clearly state the unit for each quantity in an equation.

Do not mix complete spellings and abbreviations of units. Spell out units when they appear in text (e.g., "a few henries", not "a few H"). Use a zero before decimal points, e.g. "0.25", not ".25".

Equations

Equations are an exception to the prescribed specifications of this template. Number equations consecutively, with the equation number in parentheses positioned flush right. To make equations more compact, you may use the solidus (/), the exp function, or appropriate exponents. Italicize Roman symbols for quantities and variables, but not Greek symbols. Use a long dash rather than a hyphen for a minus sign. Refer to equations as "Eq. 1" or "Equation 1", not "(1)", especially at the start of a sentence.

Some Common Mistakes

The word "data" is plural, not singular. Commas, semicolons, periods, and question or exclamation marks are placed within quotation marks only when a complete thought or title is quoted. A graph within a graph is an "inset", not an "insert". Do not use "essentially" to mean "approximately" or "effectively". Be aware of homophones such as "affect"/"effect" and "principal"/"principle". There is no period after "et" in "et al.". An excellent style manual for science writers is given by Young [7].

V. USING THE TEMPLATE

After the text edit has been completed, the paper is ready for the template. Duplicate the template file using the Save As command and use the naming convention prescribed by the journal. In the new file, highlight all contents and import your prepared text file, then style the paper using the formatting toolbar.

Authors and Affiliations

Author affiliations should not be repeated for multiple authors of the same affiliation. Please keep affiliations as succinct as possible (for example, do not differentiate among departments of the same organization).

Identify the Headings

Headings guide the reader through your paper. Component heads identify the different components of your paper (e.g., Acknowledgment, References) and are not topically subordinate to one another. Text heads organize topics on a relational, hierarchical basis; the paper title is the primary text head, and subsequent headings (Heading 1, 2, 3, 4) elaborate on it.

Figures and Tables

Place figures and tables at the top or bottom of columns, avoiding the middle. Large figures and tables may span both columns. Figure captions should appear below figures; table captions should appear above tables. Insert figures and tables only after they are first cited in the text. Use "Fig. 1" within a sentence, and "Figure 1" at the beginning of a sentence.

Table 1. Table Type Styles

Table Head	Table Column Head
	Table column subhead	Subhead
copy	More table copy

VI. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The preferred spelling of "acknowledgment" in American English is without an "e" after the "g". Avoid the stilted expression "One of us (R. B. G.) thanks . . ."; instead try "R. B. G. thanks . . .". Place applicable sponsor acknowledgments here; do not place them on the first page or as a footnote.

REFERENCES

List and number all bibliographical references in 10-point Times, single-spaced, at the end of your paper. When referenced in the text, enclose the citation number in square brackets, for example [1]. Refer simply to the reference number, as in "[3]"—do not use "Ref. [3]" or "reference [3]".

[1] G. Eason, B. Noble, and I. N. Sneddon, "On certain integrals of Lipschitz-Hankel type involving products of Bessel functions," Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, vol. A247, pp. 529–551, Apr. 1955.

[2] J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp. 68–73.

[3] S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, "Fine particles, thin films and exchange anisotropy," in Magnetism, vol. III, G. T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds. New York: Academic, 1963, pp. 271–350.

[4] K. Elissa, "Title of paper if known," unpublished.

[5] R. Nicole, "Title of paper with only first word capitalized," J. Name Stand. Abbrev., in press.

[6] Y. Yorozu, M. Hirano, K. Oka, and Y. Tagawa, "Electron spectroscopy studies on magneto-optical media and plastic substrate interface," IEEE Transl. J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740–741, Aug. 1987.

[7] M. Young, The Technical Writer's Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: University Science, 1989.

Additional Reference Style Guides

MLA (Modern Language Association)

Books: Author's Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year.

e.g. Smith, John. The Theory of Everything. Penguin, 2010.

Journal Articles: Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Title of Journal, vol. no., no. no., Year, pages. Database, DOI or URL.

e.g. Doe, Jane. "Quantum Physics and Reality." Journal of Advanced Studies, vol. 12, no. 2, 2020, pp. 45–67. JSTOR, doi:10.1234/abc123.

Websites: Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Web Page." Title of Website, Publisher, Date of Publication, URL.

APA (American Psychological Association)

Books: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of book. Publisher.

e.g. Smith, J. (2010). The theory of everything. Penguin.

Journal Articles: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), pages. DOI or URL.

e.g. Doe, J. (2020). Quantum physics and reality. Journal of Advanced Studies, 12(2), 45–67. https://doi.org/10.1234/abc123

Websites: Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of web page. Title of Website. URL.

Chicago (Notes and Bibliography)

Books: First Name Last Name, Title of Book (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), page.

e.g. John Smith, The Theory of Everything (New York: Penguin, 2010), 50.

Journal Articles: First Name Last Name, "Title of Article," Title of Journal volume, no. issue (Year): pages, DOI or URL.

e.g. Jane Doe, "Quantum Physics and Reality," Journal of Advanced Studies 12, no. 2 (2020): 45–67, https://doi.org/10.1234/abc123.

Websites: First Name Last Name, "Title of Web Page," Title of Website, Publisher, Date of Publication or last modified, URL.